Important progress has been made in recent years in developing a range of biomass cookstoves that reduce pollutant emissions and burn fuel more efficiently. These improved stoves have the potential to improve health and enhance the quality of life for the 2.5 billion people worldwide who still cook their meals and heat their homes by burning biomass in open fires or inefficient traditional stoves. Despite substantial efforts, however, the rate of adoption of clean stoves has remained low. Studies confirm that failing to meet the needs and preferences of intended users is a key obstacle to adoption. To make clean stoves more responsive to the particular needs of women, who are their main users, and to improve understanding of how gender and social dimensions can be incorporated into clean stove efforts in Indonesia and beyond, the World Bank, in collaboration with the Directorate of Bioenergy within Indonesia’s Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR), launched the Indonesia Clean Stove Initiative (CSI) in 2012.